In contrast, high oral doses of free lipoic acid (50 mg) significantly, yet transiently, increase the concentration of free lipoic acid in plasma and cells
The brightening effects come from vitamin C inhibiting tyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for melanin production
Toxic overload is a capacity problem as much as an exposure problem
Results build over time: improved sleep quality in weeks two to four, body composition changes by month two, skin and recovery improvements by month three
The pathway moves away from SAH only when homocysteine and especially adenosine are adequately metabolized or cleared
Receptor-mediated transcytosis: If peptides bind receptors expressed on endothelial cells, may trigger endocytosis, transport across cell, and exocytosis into retinal tissue